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Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya () is a city in the , north of , in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.

Geography
Beit Lahia is surrounded by dunes, some of which rise to above sea level. The area is renowned for its many large . The city is known for its fresh, sweet water, berries and citrus trees. According to Edward Henry Palmer, "Lahia" was from "Lahi", a personal name.

History
Roman period
Beit Lahia has an ancient hill and nearby lay abandoned village ruins. The town has been identified as the Bethelia and had originally a pagan temple.
(2004). 9789004138681, BRILL. .

According to the 5th century historian , whose family had lived in the town for several generations, the townspeople started converting to Christianity due to the hermit who is attributed to have healed miraculously a citizen called Alaphion.

(2006). 9789047408444, Brill. .
An eremitic center was founded around the year 360 in the village, housing around four who were disciples of Hilarion. Ceramics from the period have been found.Dauphin, 1998, p. 881

Early Islamic period
A , or mosque alcove indicating the direction of (Muslim daily prayers), is all that remains of an ancient mosque to the west of Beit Lahia dating to the end of the Fatimid Caliphate and beginning of the of , and two other mosques dating to the of the . Beit Lahaia Municipality of Gaza. (d. 1229) described "Bait Lihya" as being located "near ", and he further noted that "it is a village with many fruit-trees".le Strange, 1890, p. 414

Mamluk period
A marble slab, deposited in the maqam of Salim Abu Musallam in Beit Lahia is inscribed in late Mamluk naskhi letters. It is an over four sons of the Governor of Gaza, Aqbay al-Ashrafi, who all died in the month of 897 AH (29 April–9 May 1492 CE). It is assumed that the children died of the plague, described by , which ravaged Palestine in 1491–1492.Sharon, 1999, pp. 149- 151

Ottoman Empire
In 1517, the village was incorporated into the of the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Lahia appeared in as being in the (subdistrict) of the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 70 households and paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 144

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Beit Lahia experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Beit Lehia as a Muslim village located in the Gaza district.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 118

In May 1863, Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it:

An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Lahia had a population of 394, with a total of 118 houses, though the population count included men only.Socin, 1879, p. 146Hartmann, 1883, p. 129 also noted 118 houses

In 1883 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village with fine gardens and groves of large and ancient olives in the middle of the sand. It has a well to the south .. There is a small mosque in the village."Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 233-234

Mandatory Palestine
In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lahiya consisted of 1,700 MuslimsDepartment of Statistics, 1945, p. 31 and the land area was 38,376 , according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45 Of this, 134 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 1,765 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,185 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86 while 18 dunams were built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136

2004–2023
On 4 January 2005, seven civilian residents of Beit Lahia, including six members of the same family, were killed, with the incident blamed on shelling by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) of the agricultural area where they were working. On 9 June 2006, eight civilians were killed by IDF shells while picnicking on the northern Gaza beach in Beit Lahia. The dead included seven members of the Ali Ghaliya family.: Death on the beach: seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic, 10 June 2006 The IDF disputed they were responsible.: IDF probe: Gaza beach blast not caused by wayward army shell The town was a frequent target of airstrikes by Israel during the Gaza War (2008–2009) and has been a battlefield between Israel and .

The Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque missile strike occurred on 3 January 2009 as part of the Gaza War when an Israeli missile hit the Ibrahim al-Maqadna Mosque during . Witnesses said over 200 were praying inside at the time. At least 14 people, including six children, were killed, and many more than 60 wounded. Israeli troops enter Gaza Strip . 3 January 2009

In 2017, the Edward Said Public Library was established in Beit Lahia by the poet Mosab Abu Toha; it was the first public library in the Gaza Strip for English-language works.

Gaza war (2023–present)
In December 2023, the Israel Defence Forces began their offensive in Beit Lahia. Israel launched airstrikes on targets Hamas militants. Though they launched several assaults on the city, Israel did not fully occupy Beit Lahia. Rather, they had encircled the town and occupied the surrounding villages and farmland.

In January 2024, Israel withdrew from the majority of North Gaza, and a ground connection between Palestinian-controlled Gaza City was re-established. Around this time, the Gaza Soup Kitchen was established in Beit Lahia to provide food to Palestinians at risk of famine. In April 2024, Israel withdrew all territories in the Gaza Strip except for the Netzarim Corridor, returning the northern villages such as back to Palestinian control until the second Israeli invasion of northern Gaza in May 2024 as a result of Hamas regrouping in some areas there.

By June 2024, Gaza's Civil Defence stated the destruction in Beit Lahia "defies imagination".

On 29 October 2024, nearly 100 civilians, including over 20 children, were killed in a bombing of a five-story building by Israeli Forces. The Gaza Health Ministry reported over 90 casualties, including 25 children, with numerous individuals trapped under the rubble.

On 26 March 2025, The Guardian reported that hundreds of Palestinians, mostly male, had gathered in Beit Lahia, chanting anti-Hamas slogans.

Demography
Some of Beit Lahia's residents trace their origins to , while others are who migrated from the area.Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 385

International relations
Beit Lahia is twin or sister cities with:

  • , Indonesia
  • Talas, Turkey

Bibliography
  • (1998). 9780860549055, Archeopress. .
  • (1977). 9783920405414, Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. .
  • (1999). 9789004110830, BRILL. .

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